TECHNOLOGY CAN RESOLVE CONFLICT; CREATE A DEMOCRATIZED COUNTRY

The Maoist insurgency is a grave issue concerning the country.  The Naxalite-Maoist insurgency began after the formation of Communist party of India (Maoist) in 2004.

The beginning can be traced back to late 1967. The Naxals are based on Marxism-Leninism-Maoism. The name “Naxal” is derived from a village named Naxalbari in West Bengal, where the movement had its origin.They intend to wage a people’s war against the political power and proclaim democratic revolution.

The naxalites operate in 60 districts in the country, which include state of Odisha, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and West Bengal.

An ongoing conflict between Maoist groups and the Government of India has dislodged the tribal people from their natural habitat and pushed them towards an untold misery. The Maoist operates in 60 districts in India. However, Chhattisgarh was declared as the epicenter of the conflict with 10 affected districts.

Aiming to resolve the conflict and to bridge the gap that stems from the collective failure of the government and indifferent attitude of the mainstream media, Shubhranshu Choudhary has been making a lot of efforts to give voice to the whole section of people in Chhattisgarh, who are usually neglected by the mainstream media.

Choudhury founded CG Net Swara, a creative platform in Bengaluru. Its main purpose is to focus and resolve the problems of people of Chhattisgarh, those who are unheard and unnoticed by the mainstream media.

Shubhrabshu Choudhary is a Knight International Journalism Fellow. He was a BBC South Asia producer for more than one decade. He serves as a media trainer for the BBC World Service Trust, the United Nations and Indian universities.

Choudhary for his remarkable novelty of CG Net Swara has been recently honored with a prestigious award for digital activism at the Barbican in London. The award was given by a prominent London based campaigning organization called Index on Censorship for freedom of expression. The award is felicitated every year to recognize the bravest journalist, artist, digital innovators around the world. 

His sense of belongingness, and proximity pulled him to these regions and to his people, to understand their problems. Choudhary was inspired to create a news platform for this region during his stint at BBC.  “I was travelling from one war zone to another, then wars started near my home. I grew up in central India and I also covered the region for the BBC. When something happens nearer to you, nearer to your heart, it makes you think more. The difference in this case was that I grew up in that area, and the backbenchers in my school – they were the ‘terrorists’ that the prime minister called the ‘biggest internal security threat’, and it unnerved me. These were the students that never raised their voices, and how come 25 years later they had become ‘terrorists’?” He expressed his concern.

While speaking at TEDx, Shubhranshu said, “I am a journalist, but when I look at journalism it is still very aristocratic, where a small number of people sitting on top have too much power and the huge majority of people don’t have any voice or have very little power to decide what is not heard and what should be heard.”

He argues, “When a group’s voice is not being heard, grudges accumulate. The absence of those debates leads to dissatisfaction and leaves communities susceptible to groups who come to the forest claiming that they can create something better: We call it the Maoist problem, but the number of people in the forest who are Maoist is 2 per cent or 5 per cent. They have simple problems such as water, roads, hospitals, jobs, and we don’t deliver them with these because we didn’t hear them.”

Thus, in an effort to democratize the media and to create new waves for the people who are abandoned, he did something revolutionary. He said, “We started a Yahoo Group which helped in restricting Government’s use of militias. As such, the group helped to stop genocide in the area with help of some citizen journalist. The mainstream media did not report it.”

Due to the reporting by their Yahoo Group, the human rights violation related to murder and rape in the tribal area came to a halt as Public Interest Litigations (PILs) were filed. The Supreme Court declared Government’s backed militia Salwa Judum as illegal and unconstitutional and ordered its dissolution.  Choudhary’s group helped in sensitizing people.

“As internet has very limited reach, and it is in English, in Chhattisgarh we have only 0.7% of people. So thinking of how to reach people in a democratized way, I thought about using the most democratized tool called the mobile phone. In fact, the Indian telecommunications regulator TRAI suggests that access to mobile phones stand at around 70 per cent, with this figure at 40 per cent in rural communities” he added.

He didn’t seek for technological expertise. He, instead, went ahead with his skills and knowledge. He, along with his team that included a researcher at Microsoft Research India and an engineer from IIT Kanpur, created a new innovative media service in which anyone can call in and leave a message in their own language and suggest or tell new stories. People can call and listen to the stories created or left by others.

Shubhranshu says, “What we have done is, we have put a server in the middle which is linked to a telephone number. People call and record their message. Once the message is received, we cross check, verify and translate the stories. We then put up the stories which are sometimes picked up by media, sometimes an activist takes it to court or somebody takes it to the secretary and the loop is completed.  This is how news is coming from people, by some people and going back to people and we are getting lots and lots of results. To reach those people who are not in the internet we need to resort to this last mile connectivity which is through the voice. This little initiative can be taken to many frontiers and become the audio book, a Google of the poor.”

His next step is a shortwave radio, which would allow them to reach much bigger audience and geography. He says, “The combination of mobile, internet and radio can really create a democracy in this country. If you can link with radio you have to do so from outside the country because India doesn’t allow shortwave radio. If we want to do shortwave linkage we can only do it from outside India.” He believes that the combination of mobile, internet and radio can really create a democracy in this country.

The article was originally published at theinteractiveinquirer- http://bit.ly/1hTTF6O 

Helping the world hear the voice of tribal people

A young woman, dismayed by the isolation of her native tribe, decided to give up a lucrative corporate career and to dedicate herself bridging the gap between aboriginality and modernity. The result was Adivaani– the voice of the tribes.

Ruby Hembrom hated school and was afraid of being termed as worthlessness, but gradually she fell in love with the English language. It was a turning point. Later, she left IBM only to venture into publishing.

She came to Calcutta as a young girl. She grew up in a community of people drawn from various parts of India; many of them tribal people like herself. “By the time I was five or six years old, I could identify other adivasis (tribals),” she recalls. It took a lot of time for her to realize how isolated the community is. They were not part of the mainstream society.

Young Ruby was educated ‘organically’ on her tribal heritage. She picked it up as she, her mother and sisters served tea to first- and second-generation adivasi learners in the theological community where her father worked. They would listen as they harked back to their aboriginality.

However, Ruby believes she had ‘different features’ since her childhood due to her tribe.  She remembers “I was the only dark-skinned child in my class, maybe in even three or four classes,” Her schoolmates would make fun of her. There was one such incident when she was six years old. One of his classmates asked her if she had polished her face each morning along with her shoes. It still stands out in her memory.

No surprise she hated school. She was scared of being perceived as a worthless. “Those sixteen years I grew up with no self-worth, zero self-confidence. I was two different persons. At school I was someone different; someone absolutely insignifi-cant. The initial struggles and the constant battles in school days did have a profound impact on me. I would always try to understand whether I am good or not and even if I knew I could express myself, I was not willing to do so.” Nevertheless, Ruby qualified as a lawyer.

After her school life, her father expected Ruby and her siblings to do things which would help them go back to their roots, but she knew she would not fit in. Life changed when she got a call from a friend asking her to teach English at a language institute “I had no self-confidence. I didn’t know if I could stand in front of people and talk. However, I needed the job so I attended the interview and everything worked well. Then the most remarkable thing happened. I realized I could talk to people. I fell in love with English and the way it could be learned, taught, and spoken.”

After getting three years of experience at the language institute, Ruby switched to the corporate sector. “The BPO industry was opening up and they needed people who would be able to speak in a particular way. So that was something I went into. It was a great advancement in my career. I was placed at IBM Delhi, working and living on my own. I wanted to give my best to the job because I think that was my way of compensating for what I thought I lacked. If I was good at my work, at least there would be some self-worth.”

Ruby excelled in her job, and was transferred to IBM Calcutta. After eight years of corporate life, one day she asked herself what she was doing. “I thought of my people who lack the opportunity of even getting a job. I realised that it was time to go back and help my people,” she says. At the outset, she decided to partner with a friend from Manipur. Together, they both started to impart knowledge and skills that they had learnt to the people of Imphal. “I stayed there for a while. People were every interested in the communication and interview skills we taught, and they came to know about available opportunities.” But the political situation there didn’t allow them to continue their work.

Around that time, in early 2012, Ruby was offered a contract from a publisher. They had Conversational English textbooks, which they wanted to be revamped. Ruby returned home to work on the project. When she realized that she had no prior knowledge about publishing, she joined a course to learn more about it. She was given a long list of names of big publishing houses, writers and authors representing various communities – except her own. “The list did not include a single name from the adivasi community. It bothered me because there were writers from my community, even though they only wrote in their native language. I understood that our stories were confined to our community and others did not have access to them because of the written language. Nevertheless, it was difficult for me to accept that reality. I started making plans on how I could fill that gap.”

Ruby decided to use English as the language for publishing. She met a Mexican Journalist named Luis and one illustrator from Bhopal. “They helped me mould my idea into a reality. We then gave it a name and registered it as a trust because we thought it would make sense to operate as a trust. We had a publishing house called Adivaani, but no books and no money to commission authors,” she recalls.

Ruby decided that she would start with her father’s doctoral thesis. She convinced her father to let her publish it. Though her father had written it, that was the first time Ruby was reading it. She found some of the stories of creation that were part of tribal lore in the thesis. As she read, Ruby felt that she had somehow been cheated of her identity, because the versions she had heard were not authentic. She feared that new generations of Santhals would lose touch with their heritage. So she decided to tell the stories in her own ingenious manner. She broke down the long narratives into smaller parts, and created simple illustrated versions of them.

Ruby believes that it is important to learn and develop skills as per the requirement of the time. As English has become a dominant language, one needs to learn it. There was criticism that she had stepped away from the tribal language and had opted for a foreign language such as English to tell her stories. “You have to learn your masters’ tools to be able to stand in front of them and challenge them. You cannot do it any other way. My intention was never to do away with my mother tongue or replace it with English. The idea was just to make use of the dominant English as a supplement. I wanted the books to be in English because I wanted people to have more access to it” she argues with a strong determination.

“I am just a small speck in this process. I need the grass-roots-level people, the students, artists, teachers, the uneducated, educated, the working class, the intellectuals and others too. I have to find ways to collaborate with people,” she says.

Ruby has come a long way. The little girl, who once felt that she was of no worth, has become an inspiration for her community. Her passion and self-belief, along with the support of her like-minded friends, have helped her achieve a great deal. Her determination will certainly help the world to hear the unheard voices of the tribal people.

She is a veritable Ma Durga in a man’s world

A lone woman in a male bastion, she initially faced much opposition and self-doubt. But today, this woman artisan who moulds idols of Gods and Goddesses has many satisfied customers throughout the length and breadth of West Bengal.

This woman has always stood alone. She remains determined and self-motivated to find her way in a patriarchal society. China Pal is an artisan in the all-male world of the idol-makers of Kumartuli, popularly known as the potters’ area in North Kolkata.

Breaching the male bastion was not easy – more so because China had absolutely no training. Her only qualifications were a course in tailoring, which gave her some idea of color combinations, and that she was her father’s daughter. China’s father, an idol-maker, passed away, and she stepped into his shoes in 1994, with no prior knowledge of the craft. Residents of Kumartuli, an area along the banks of River Hooghly, make their living almost exclusively out of pottery and idol-making. China is the youngest in her family. Her two elder brothers and three sisters chose to follow different paths in life. When her father, Hemanta Kumar died, China took over his studio, much to the disconcertment of the other idol-makers in the area. She learnt on-the-job, by observing others. 

China Pal immersed in her craft

China had much to conquer, not least of it the disapproval of the men of the area. When people would enquire about her, they would be sent away by the men in the other studios. When she kept her idols out to dry in the sun, just as all the others did, she would be asked to remove her pieces, for no good reason. “I never uttered a word. I never shouted back, although I mourned alone at times. I struggled alone,” she says. “I was inexperienced,” she remembers, “and I was scared of everything. Even while ordering materials – whether it was jewelry for the idol or tailored clothes – I would worry. ‘What if they don’t deliver?’”

Even small things, like the smell of the clay and the stench from the urinal nearby upset her initially. But gradually, she overcame the hurdles. She had felt awkward being the only woman working among men, but today, the men in the studios are like her family. She believes that her fortitude is a gift from Ma Durga, the goddess she worships. “I concentrated on my work and did well,” she says, adding that it is her belief in her destiny that made her popular as well as successful. And her customers helped. They explained to her exactly what they wanted, making it easy for her to satisfy them. “Everyone has their own struggles in life”, she says philosophically. “Success doesn’t come easy.”

Not enticed by dreams of making millions, China does not subscribe to the new-fangled notions of the ‘theme artisans’ but follows her father’s old-school style of idol making. She creates traditional forms of idols – Goddess Durga, her daughters Lakshmi and Saraswati and her sons Karthik and Ganesha are all based on the same platform, symbolizing the traditional joint family. And there’s more than family loyalty behind this decision. China says: “I enjoy making this traditional form of Ma Durga because, when everything is falling apart – the country, regions and families – I believe it will be good at least if we let the idols be together.”

Today, she gets many customers, including new ones, each year. Her idols grace club pujas and ordinary households alike. They can be seen in apartment complexes, maths (place for worship and religious preaching) and missions. They go all over the state, from Purulia to New Jalpaiguri, and in Kolkata, from Beckbagan through Hiland Park to DumDum Park. “Earlier, I was not known to anyone. Today, my work has earned me a name and goodwill. My customers are happy and satisfied. Everyone knows who China Pal is,” says the idol-maker, with satisfaction.

This article was originally published in Grassroots Magazine, Chennai: Source:http://bit.ly/1zUeGEQ